细胞自噬在HIV感染中的作用

报道： 美国国立卫生研究院过敏症和传染病研究所John H Kehrl等人就细胞自噬在HIV感染过程中的作用进行了详细阐述。

摘要：细胞自噬是一条主要的细胞信号通路，本底水平的细胞自噬通过捕获、分离以及降解细胞内组分以调节和维持细胞质环境稳定，这些过程在一种叫做自噬小体的特殊构造中进行。细胞自噬具有独特的降解大型组分的能力，包括受损和多余的细胞器、细胞内微生物以及蛋白聚集体，使其成为发炎反应以及微生物研究中的聚焦点。事实上，细胞自噬已被报道在多种传染型或炎症性病理过程中有重要作用，它可能能够对抗细胞内微生物，因此许多微生物也相应进化出或逃避或劫持细胞自噬的策略以供自身生存。另外，细胞自噬还能够针对细胞外和细胞内的病原体，调节细胞内以及机体水平的免疫应答。本文中，我们回顾了细胞自噬与HIV感染在不同免疫细胞中的相互作用，并讨论了最新研究中再次强调的HIV诱导的CD4+T细胞死亡引发的炎症作用。

关键词：细胞自噬，HIV，炎症作用

Roles of autophagy in HIV infection

文章来源：Immunology and Cellular Biology （2014年11月）  文章类型：Review

原文链接： http://www.nature.com/icb/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/icb201488a.html

文章摘要内容：                                                                
Autophagy is a major cellular pathway, which at basal levels regulates and maintains the cytoplasmic environment through the capture, isolation and digestion of intracellular materials in a specialized structure called an autophagosome. The unique ability of autophagy to degrade large targets, such as damaged and surplus organelles, intracellular microbes and protein aggregates, has made it a prime focus in inflammation and microbial research. Indeed, autophagy has been shown to be involved in a number of infectious and inflammatory pathologies, by which it may confer protection against intracellular microbes, be targeted by microbes for evasion or be hijacked for microbe biogenesis. In addition, autophagy helps regulate the intracellular and global immune response to both extracellular and intracellular pathogens. Here we review the current literature on the interactions between autophagy and HIV among different immune cells and discuss new research that re-emphasizes the role of inflammation in HIV-mediated CD4+ T cell death.

Key Words：autophagy，HIV，inflammation